2019年是英国气候政策的分水岭年。从5月份议会史无前例地宣布气候紧急状态，到6月份通过实现净零排放的国家目标，事态发展确实非常迅速。
本月标志着政府清洁海事计划的释放。与净零目标一样，该计划向英国愿意将过渡到低碳未来的意愿。其标题雄心壮志是确保订购英国水域的所有新船舶都配备了2025年的零排放推进能力。
Given that the only truly zero emissions vessels in service today are experimental prototypes or sail-powered pleasure craft, the plan provides a rapidly accelerated timeline for emissions reduction within a challenging sector.
在一些短期监管和资助承诺支持的地标日期为2050年，还规定了一系列其他有抱负的野心。
Briefly, here's what the plan is all about.
为什么这个计划被委托？
清洁海事计划是由运输部和清洁海事理事会起草的，后者是一个由行业利益相关者和学术界组成的咨询机构，负责监督计划的实施。这是由英国海事大臣努斯拉特·加尼议员宣布的。
该计划在英国政府在1月份发布的海事2050战略之前。海事2050战略为该部门提供了十大战略目标，其中一个是干净的增长。
干净的海事计划会扩大这一目标，为减少运输部门排放提供“路线图”。在温室气体（GHG）排放方面，该计划旨在提供IMO的温室气体战略，旨在在中期达到海上二氧化碳排放量的50％。
对人类健康有不利影响的空气污染物，如氮氧化物和颗粒物，也属于该计划的范围。在这方面，它是对英国政府清洁空气战略的补充。
这个计划有什么野心？
The plan provides three sets of aspirational ambitions for the years 2025, 2035 and 2050.
到2025年，计划指出，英国水域的所有船只都会最大限度地利用能效措施。所有设计用于英国水域的新船都将配备零排放推进能力。
该计划没有具体说明这些船舶是否需要专门消耗零排放燃料才能被视为具有零排放能力，也没有规定零排放燃料消耗的最低门槛。当Informa Connect（前身为KNect365）联系运输部时，运输部无法提供更多细节。
By 2025, the UK will also have begun developing certain ports and coastal localities into “clean maritime clusters”, which will foster innovation and provide zero emission infrastructure. These clusters will be developed in tandem with projects affecting other transport nodes, and close to areas expected to have available renewable energy or alternative fuel production.
到2035年，群集将完成，低或零排放海洋燃料烘焙基础设施将广泛可见。
到2050年，人们希望零排放航运将在国际上盛行。由于迅速采用了下一代船舶推进技术，英国将成为清洁航运业的全球领导者。
要了解有关航运部门的零排放技术的更多信息，请加入我们世界上最大的绿色船舶技术会议>>
What is the scope of the plan?
Currently, maritime GHG emissions from both domestic and international shipping account for 3.4% of the UK’s total. This compares to a global average of 2.2%.
英国的《气候变化法》将国内航运的排放包括在内，但不包括国际航运。
由于该计划适用于英国水域内的所有船只，它有效地将排放挑战的范围扩大到了国际航运。
尽管如此，它不应推荐国际航运正式包含在净零立法内。相反，作者写道，政府“将继续留下”碳预算中的国际航空和航空排放“的净空。”
计划将如何影响经济？
海事行业及其相关证券交易委员会tors already form a substantial part of the UK economy. The Department of Transport estimates that the maritime industry contributes £14.5 billion of gross value added per year. It is directly responsible for the employment of 185,700 people.
Related business services, including marine insurance and shipbroking, bring a further £2 billion of GVA to the table.
The health costs of marine emissions are also considerable. The UK’s Clean Air Strategy aims to reduce the costs of air pollution by £1 billion per year by 2020, and by £2.5 billion from 2030 onwards.
Research commissioned by the government indicates that the global market for clean maritime technologies could reach £11 billion per year by 2050. The economic benefit to the UK from leading in this area could amount to £510 million per year.
尽管如此，该计划的作者认为，在引入经济激励措施以增加低碳燃料供应之前，还需要进一步磋商。令人关切的是，这些措施可能对竞争力产生不利影响或导致其他意外后果。
What technologies does the plan focus on?
该计划确定了英国可以建立的若干权限领域，以帮助开发清洁送货。
The country is a leader in natural gas processing and reforming (the process by which natural gas can be converted into hydrogen, ideally in combination with carbon capture and storage). It currently has a 9% share of the global export market for reformer and CCS technologies.
The UK is also a hot spot for hydrogen produced directly via electrolysis and has a competitive advantage in producing marine batteries and electric engines.
Hydrogen adoption and electrification are both essential for deep-reaching reductions in emissions. The authors of the plan write that energy efficiency improvements, while important, are by themselves not sufficient to reduce emissions in line with the IMO’s goals.
该计划是否制造了哪些监管和资助承诺？
该计划为未来几年做出了几项资助承诺，包括130万英镑通过英国海事研究与创新基金支持清洁海事创新，以及运输技术研究创新基金（T-TRIG）计划的种子基金。
清洁航运部门的创新竞争和建立清洁的海事奖也将获得资金。
Alongside these commitments, the government hopes to solicit greater private sector involvement in financing clean maritime projects. A "Greening Finance/Financing Green" initiative will be launched at London International Shipping Week later this year.
从监管角度来看，最重要的发展是创建海上排放监管咨询服务，Meras。
MERAS旨在帮助航运公司应对替代技术设计的复杂法规，这是采用零排放技术的一大障碍。
希望通过向创新者提供监管支持，将清洁航运公司吸引到英国船舶登记处，带来进一步的经济效益。
The Clean Maritime Plan also lays out the Department of Transport’s areas of focus. For instance, a consultation will begin in 2020 on the feasibility of using the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) to stimulate the uptake of low carbon fuels.
目前RTFO对海洋部门的影响力仅延伸到内陆航运和娱乐工艺的燃料供应商，这些工艺通常在海上运行。
2020年的磋商将决定RTFO是否可以进行调整，以解决航运业低碳燃料吸收有限的问题。
2020年还将有人呼吁提供非税收激励的证据，作为支持低碳航运的另一种方式。
Does the Clean Maritime Plan go too far, or not far enough? Is the goal for zero emissions propulsion capable vessels achievable by 2025? What is the plan missing? Let us know your thoughts on twitter:@maritimeic.
