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Pharma’s role in maintaining cancer mortality progress during COVID-19

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ByJoanna P. MacEwan, PhD and Ross Maclean, MD

过去30年来,美国在降低癌症死亡率方面取得了巨大进展。1991年至2017年间,死亡率下降了29%,估计减少了290万癌症死亡人数。[1]特别是2016年至2017年间,癌症死亡率下降了2.2%,是有记录以来最大的单年降幅。[2]

在我们利用监测、流行病学和最终结果(SEER)数据进行的研究中,我们估计,2000年至2016年间美国引入新的癌症药物与减少130万癌症死亡相关。[2]鉴于这些癌症中的许多在最近的新药批准前的预测不到1年,我们的结果表明,新的治疗方法在降低某些癌症的死亡率方面起着特别重要的作用。[1,3]这些发现并不令人惊讶。2000年至2016年间,106种新药被批准用于173种不同的肿瘤类型。大多数超过70%的批准(124个新的适应症)是在2008年或之后。其他因素也导致了癌症死亡率的下降,包括吸烟率的降低、筛查的增加和早期诊断。[4-7]然而,全球大流行的到来威胁着这一进展。

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every aspect of cancer care, from research and development of new cancer therapies, to diagnosis, and treatment. Research labs have closed,[8] academic conferences were cancelled, and many non-COVID–related clinical trials were put on hold,[9] all of which will likely delay drug development timelines. But, as the saying goes, necessity is the mother of invention. Pharma can do its part to prevent further delays in oncology drug development and approval by leveraging the lessons learned from the COVID-19 vaccine development process to revise and restart oncology clinical trials, modifying trial protocols to utilize virtual and digital approaches to cancer care delivery and monitoring. In particular, appropriate use of telehealth and digital tools to monitor clinical trial participants could facilitate trial participation and reduce COVID-19 exposure risk.[10,11] Post-pandemic, these adaptations should be continued as appropriate to reduce the burden of clinical trial participation on patients and caregivers.

Since the pandemic began cancer diagnoses have declined sharply in the United States,[12] not because cancer is suddenly less common, but rather because cancer diagnoses are being delayed. The result is disease being detected at later stages and patients having poorer prognoses.[13] Pharma can also work closely with providers to transform cancer care delivery, innovating ways to provide in-home care and treatment administration, as well as developing telehealth and digital tools for patients. Use of telehealth and digital tools to monitor clinical patients could facilitate treatment continuation and further reduce COVID-19 exposure risk.[10,14]

制药公司还应创新与供应商进行虚拟化和数字化通信的方式。为相关治疗方案提供给药途径、给药频率和不良事件的信息,有助于肿瘤学家选择治疗方法,以平衡就诊和住院的需要以及COVID-19暴露的风险与疗效。制药公司可以帮助患者提供有关如何避免并发症的信息,使用数字治疗和虚拟通信工具,并可以通过向那些失去保险的人提供支付支持来确保护理的连续性。

这一流行病还突出了其他三个相关问题。首先,整个社会的种族、种族和文化差异导致获得COVID-19的风险水平不同,而那些拥有COVID-19的人获得医疗服务的机会也不同,这可能加剧癌症患者之间现有的健康差异。制药公司需要考虑研发方面的这些差异,尤其是创新如何帮助服务不足的癌症患者。[15]其次,流感大流行的经济影响在整个社会中并不是均匀的,例如失业对社会某些阶层的影响比其他阶层更大,强调健康的社会决定因素在塑造个人、家庭、社区和整个国家如何应对公共卫生挑战,特别是对癌症患者的公共卫生挑战方面是多么重要。[16]第三,价值展示拓宽了其视角——疗效和安全性仍然是关键,但诸如“对传染病的恐惧”、“保险价值”和“科学溢出效应”等新的价值因素是这次流感大流行重新引起人们关注的价值因素之一

据我们估计,在2000年至2016年间,创新的癌症治疗在美国预防了130万癌症死亡。COVID-19带来了严重的挑战,加深了现有的健康差距,并威胁着在降低癌症死亡率方面取得的进展。制药公司在帮助患者和提供者在大流行期间以及之后的癌症治疗新现实中发挥着关键作用。通过调整癌症临床试验,并为患者和提供者提供信息和工具,以优化他们的护理,特别是那些存在健康差异的患者,制药公司既可以帮助对抗COVID-19,转变癌症护理服务,也可以继续在癌症治疗方面取得的巨大进展。

Joanna P. MacEwan and Ross Maclean are employees of Precision Health Economics & Outcomes Research (PRECISIONheor), a consultancy providing services to the life sciences industry.

工具书类

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