促进公用事业,重工业和传统能源球员的低碳解决方案到净零。

North West Europe needs new midstream gas infrastructure to support the rise of renewables

分享这篇文章

There are two opposing trends currently at work in the North West European gas market.

一个是由the ascent of the Dutch Title-Transfer Facility, which has since 2015 been Europe’s most liquid pricing benchmark.

Low LNG prices over the course of the year have driven traded volumes on TTF up by 42% in 2019 compared to the same period last year. Over the last three years, volumes on the ICE Endex, which facilitates TTF trading, increased 13-fold.

Interest in the benchmark has been gaining momentum globally, with buyers including CNOOC and CNPC exploring TTF price indexation options, and US suppliers gradually shifting away from Henry Hub.

More trading interest and more physical indexation creates a virtuous cycle, in which an increasingly liquid hub better reflects regional fundamentals and enables smoother risk transfer for market participants. The more LNG is traded on TTF, the more appealing it is for new players to enter the market.

TTF崛起的含义是,由于各种原因,西北欧洲(NWE)在越来越全球化的天然气贸易中假设枢轴位置。

在平衡天然气供应g考虑欧洲的作用lobally. Mature hubs, ample storage, and the option to meet domestic demand through indigenous production, pipeline imports or LNG have allowed buyers in Europe to profitably step-up or step-down their LNG purchases in response to the global availability of LNG.

今年上半年,当市场充斥着更多的货物时,欧洲灵活增加液化天然气采购的能力得到了充分证明。欧洲消费者从低廉的价格中获益,而供应商则为他们的产品赢得了市场,并在亚洲获得了低于价格的底价。

欧洲的天然气中心得到了硬煤、褐煤、碳和电力的流动性市场的补充,所有这些市场都有助于电力部门在达到适当价格点时进行燃料转换。

但随着天然气开始赢得燃料转换之战,这种灵活性的因素开始削弱。根据国际能源署的消息,西北地区45吉瓦的核能和燃煤发电计划在未来5到6年内退役。

Want more articles like this? Sign up to the KNect365 Energy newsletter >>

这将我们带到了一开始就提到的两种趋势的第二个趋势:持续的转变,以至于西北欧洲来源并利用其天然气,这对整体的能源系统具有更广泛的后果。这种变化的影响在IEA中突出显示2019年全球气体安全审查, released last week.

该评论认为,欧洲日益依赖天然气进口(2018年天然气占欧洲天然气供应的54%),加上越来越依赖天然气稳定可变可再生能源更高渗透率的电网,正在削弱天然气系统的灵活性。

随着额外的负荷转移到可再生能源 - 一种不灵活的资源和天然气,有一些令人担忧的原因。如果电力系统倾向于气体系统以进行灵活性,当气体供应紧密时会发生什么 - 特别是在当时的气体需求,例如加热等加热,高?

灵活机制

传统上,满足高需求的答案有三个:将国内天然气生产转向消费上升的季节、利用天然气储存设施和提高进口水平。但事实证明,这三种灵活性机制中的每一种都越来越成问题。

第一个是无可争议的。2008/2009年,荷兰格罗金根气田的季节性产量波动超过30 bcm。据国际能源署(IEA)称,10年后,这一数字已降至40亿立方米以下。

An added complication is the fact that the gas imported to replace supplies from Groningen is high-cal rather than low-cal gas, which means that it needs to be converted before it can be used in parts of the Dutch, Belgian, German and French gas networks.

在需求高峰时期,转换设施的利用率非常高,根据国际能源署(IEA)报告的GTS数据,去年冬天的利用率为93%。转换的需要使得适应不断变化的气体流动模式变得更加令人头痛。

Storage is also problematic. Seasonal spreads on TTF, which are instrumental to profits from gas storage facilities, have more than halved since 2012. In the absence of clear economic incentives or a standardised regulatory framework, North West European storage capacity has spent the last few years in retreat (although there are somepositive indications恢复可能在卡上)。

最后,还有增加进口的选择,这在面对更高的价格和可用的管道容量方面都具有挑战性。在过去两个供暖季节,直接服务于西北欧的挪威和俄罗斯管道几乎没有多余的进口能力。

当然,NWE也可以间接地通过乌克兰进口(本身一个问号,因为GazPROM的燃气过渡协议尚未续签)或液化天然气。大陆的充足,扩大和一致的未充分利用的重新制基基础设施可以让它更依赖于市场上的最后一个选择,如果市场要求它。

However, the more NWE chooses to go down this route, the less it retains its ability to choose between different sources of supply. The outcome of overreliance on a single flexibility mechanism would be a reciprocal reduction in the flexibility Europe itself lends to global gas markets.

比较的理由

将欧洲灵活性的威胁对比目前正在由传统的亚洲买家,特别是日本制定的努力造成对比,造成对欧洲的灵活性造成努力来发展自己的灵活机制。其中包括该地区新兴LNG市场的下游基础设施投资,在家建立重新加载能力,并与世界其他地方的买家合作。金博宝188备用地址

这些球员的目标是发展他们作为辅助供应商的角色,在国内低点期间抵消风险。目的地自由供应合同的增长已经实现了这一战略,2018年占新签约卷的89%。

The difference in psychology between the two regions is discernible. For the traditional buyers, who have historically suffered from very little flexibility, improving their options is about mitigating the effects of supply dependence.

对于欧洲而言,仍然习惯于依赖进口的依赖,支持柔性气体系统的中间基础设施的真实价值可能不是那么明显。新的气体基础设施项目的必然政治化也是一个重要的差异化因素。

随着国内天然气生产继续下降的推移,可再生能源持续前进,天然气和电力系统集成随着能源转型的更广泛接受的特征,可再生能源持续。

Join us at LNGgc, the UK's leading event for producers, shippers and buyers of liquefied natural gas.LNGG社区横幅

分享这篇文章